Of san francisco



(No Model.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 H. F. PARSONS & H. B'ORUHARDT.

ROCK DRILLING MAOHINE.

I Patented July 24,1883.

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INVENTEIR= (NoModeL) 3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

H. P. PARSONS & H. BORGHARD'T.

' ROCK DRILLING MACHINE. No. 281,719. Patented July 24, 1883.

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- 3 SHeets'-Sheet 3.

(No Mqdel.)

v H. 1?. PARSONS & ,H. BORGH R T;

Patented July 24 UNITED STATES PATENT CEEICE.

HENRY F. PARSONS, OF SAN ERA CISpO, CALIFORNIA, AND HUG EOR OHARDT, OFBRIDGEPORT, CONNECTICUT, ASsI NO S TO DANIEL COOK,

OF SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA.

ROCK-DRILL lNG MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Ilatent No. 281,719, dated July24, 1883 Application filed S eptcmbci' 12, I881. (No model.) 7

To all whom, it may concern.- I

Be it known that we, HENRY F. PARSONS, of the city and county of SanFrancisco, State of California, and HUGO BORCHARDT, of Bridgeport,Connecticut, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement inRock-Drilling Machines; and we declare the following to be full, clear,and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying draw- IO ings, forming a part of this Specification.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the machine, showing the hammerin a raised position. I Fig. 2 is a plan View of the machine with'thehammer and-aportion of the hammer-arm removed. Fig. 3 represents asectional side view, showing the hammer in the act of delivering a blow.Fig. 4 is a front view. Figs. 5 and 6 represent certain details ofconstruction, Fig. 5 being a front view of a section through the line 2z, Fig. 1. Fig. 7 shows the general arrangement of the cams by which thehammer is operated. Fig. 8 shows a form of drill which maybe used, ifdesired. Fig. 9 shows a modification of the 2 5 joint in the frame. Fig.10-shows a Sectional detail of the friction-brake.

The subject of the present application is an improvement on a formerapplication by said Henry F. Parsons, filed onthe th day of 30 June,1881, and on the 5th day of August,

1880, also on an application filed by the present applicants on the sameday herewith.

The structure in which we prefer to embody the inventions which are thesubject of the 3 5 present application may be described as fol lows.

A is the frame of the machine, which is 5 and are held in place by meansof the set screws 0. From the center of this standard B projectsupwardly a rod, D, through-the hole above mentioned, in the rearof theframe as shown in dotted'lines, to'avoid obstructions,

or for convenience in finding a level bearing.

The forward end of the frame'A is forked, so

as to form two branches, as at F F, Fig. 2. From the forward end of eachof the branches F F extend downward the guiding and sup porting bars GG, Fig. 4. These bars G Gare connected at their lower ends with astandard, H, which is supported in a horizontal position by theadjustable pointed supporting-bars I I, the latter passing through holesnear the extremities of the standard II, and

being adjustably secured therein by the setscrews J J.

Projecting out laterally from the extremities of the standard H are twofoot-rests, K K, which may serve to support the feet of the operator, ashereinafter described. The standard H has a forward bow between the barsG G to allow for the passage of the drill.

The frame A is hinged at the point M, so as to allow the machine to befolded together, and thus easily and compactly transported; or, insteadof the hinge shown in Fig. 1, the frame may be provided with a revolvingjoint similar to that shown in Fig. 9, which will permitthe supports toadjust themselves more readily to varying surfaces, and which can beeasily taken apart for the-more convenient transportation ofthe'machine.

N is the drill, which is shown in a vertical position, and situatedmidway between the supporting and guiding bars G G. This drill isconnected at its upper end by the coupling P with the drill-rod O. Thedrill-rod 0 passes upward through the barrel R, the drill-rod being sofitted to the interior of the barrel R as to be capable of a free motionin the same. The barrel R is secured to and supported by the frame S,which projects out from either side of the barrel B, and is provided atits extremities with holes, through which pass the supporting-bars G G.The frame S is thus free to slide in a vertical direction from one endof the bars G G to the other. It is sup ported on the bars G G by afriction brake or clutch which is controlled by a hand-nut, T, so thatthe ease with which the frame S may move upon the bars G G can beregulated at the pleasure of the operator. This clutch consists of acurved piece of metal, 0, extending from one guide-rod to the other,which is provided at each end with a friction-bearing for theguiding-rods G G. Through the center of this piece 0 projects apin,which is secured to the barrel, as shown at Fig. 3. The hand-nut Tscrews 011 the end of this pin, and by tightening or loosening the nutthe pressure of the piece 0 on the guides G G may be increased ordecreased. The drill-rod O is provided at its lower end with a shoulder,U, between which and the lower portion of the barrel R is interposed acoiled spring, V.

Attached to the rear of the barrel R, and extending backward and upward,is the bracket-arm XV, attached to and supporting the arm Y of thehammer Z. This hammer is operated in the following manner: a is a handlesituatcd above and in front of the saddle L, which handle is adapted forboth hands of the operator. The handle a is provided with arms I) b,which fit into sockets on the casting e e. The casting a 0 consists oftwo side portions, 0 and 0, one of which is situated on each side of thebracket XV. They are rigidly connected together below and above thebracket WV at the points .9 r. The casting c c is attached to thebracket-arm V by the shaft 0, which extends through both, and on whichthe casting revolves. On the inside surfaces of the pieces a e areformed cam-surfaces, whose general form is clearly shown in Fig. 7.These cam-surfaces are for the purpose of communicating thereciprocating motion of the lever to to the lever X, one arm of which isrigidly secured to the handle of the hammer Z. This result isaccomplished in the following manner: Through one arm of the lever Xextends the pin a, which is free to move endwise in said arm. This pin ais long enough to extend out on one side of the lever X a shortdistance, and is free to move lengthwise, so as to project out on eitherside of the lever. The pieces 0 e are so connected as to be apart justthe width of the lever X; but the interior surfaces of the pieces 0 care cut away so as to form cams, on which the projecting end of the pina may rest. \Vhen the motion of the piece 0 is in the direction of thearrow x in Fig. 7 the end of the pin projects over the cam-surface onthe piece a, so that the motion of the piece ecauses the end of the pina to advance up the camsurface from i to j, and of course acorresponding motion is imparted to the lever X. Vhen the end of the pina reaches the point j, the cam-surface is so formed as to suddenlyrelease the end of the pin a and allow it to fall. In falling the end ofthe pin a impinges against the inclined surface from j to is, whichforces the pin back longitudinally through the lever X until theopposite end of the pin projects over the canrsurface of the piece 0,which cam-surface will catch the pin at a point about i and prevent itfrom falling farther. At the same time the end of the pin next the piece0 is forced in flush with the side of the lever X, so as not to engagewith the piece 0 in any way. When the pin has reached such a positionthat its end projects over the cam-surface at i, the casting, of whichthe pieces 0 c are a part, is moved by the operating-levers, so that thepiece c moves in the direction of the arrow which motion causes the endof the pin a to advance up the cam-surface from 1'. to j. When itreachesj, it is allowed to fall again, and in so doing the pin is forcedback by the incline between j and is until it occupies the position fromwhich it started, so that one end extends over the cam-surface of e ati, as shown in Fig. 7.

From the above explanation it is plain that when the piece 0 e isreciprocated around the shaft 0 by means of the hand-lever a the leverX, and with it the hammer-arm and hammer, will be reeiproeated twice forevery reciprocation of the hand-lever a, and that the upward movement ofthe hammer will be gradual, while its downward movement is unimpeded andrapid. The lever X, being pivoted to the end of the arm \V, is made withthree projecting arms, one of these arms, as above stated, beingattached to the rear end of the arm Y of the hammer Z. Another of thearms of the lever X extends backward, and is attached to one end of acircular spring, f, the other end of said circular spring being attachedto the rear side of the bracket XV. Another arm of the lever X extendsforward, and is provided with the pin a, the operation of which has beendescribed.

Attached to each of the piccesc c at a short distance above the pointwhere they are pi voted to the bracket W are pawls h 71, projectingforward, so as to extend. on each side of the drillrod 0. At its upperend the drill-rod O is provided with astriking pin or cap, whichreceives the blows of the hammer, and which is pinned or screwed orotherwise fastened upon the top of the drill-rod. Below this cap, andsecured to the drill-rod, is the piece i, which is provided on its uppersurface with ratchet-teeth. The pawls h h, at their forward ends, restupon this circular ratchet i, and are provided upon their lower surfaceswith teeth, the tooth on h being so formed as to engage with and pushthe circular ratchet 2' around by the forward movement of the pawl h,and the tooth on the pawl h being so formed as to pull the circularratchet 2' around on the backward movement of the pawl h, so that forevery forward movement of the pawl h the circular ratcheti is moved thedistance between two teeth by the pawl h, and also for every backwardmove ment of the pawls the circular ratchet i is moved the distancebetween two teeth by the pawl h.

serted astriking-pin. It is removable, so that it may be replaced whenworn without the 11ecessity of renewing the hammer. The saddle L isadjustable backward and forward on the spring and is secured in positionby the set screw k. A stop, I), attached to the casting e e, limits theextent of the motion of e e by coming in contact with the bracket-arm W.

- The operation of the machine is as follows: The operator places themachine so that the drill occupies a position above the place where thehole is required. The machine then rests upon the pointed supports I I ee,whieh are adjusted vertically by means of the set-screws C O and J Juntil the machine occupies the required position, which is as nearly aspossible horizontal if the hole is required to be drilled in a verticaldirection. The position of the machine will be, however, somewhat variedby the direction in which the hole is required to be made. After havingplaced the machine in position, as described, the operator takes hisseat upon the saddle L and places his .feet on the projections K K. Hethen takes hold of the handle a with both hands and moves it backwardand forward in a direction away from and toward him. This motion of thehandle a is communicated by the armsb to the pieces 6 6, provided withthe camsurfaces before described. As the handle a moves backward andforward, it is obvious that the pawls h 11, being between the handle (aand the place where the arms I) are pivoted at 0, will also be movedbackward and forward, though to a less extent, and the distance throughwhich theyv are moved is so regulated as to be equal to the distancebetween each two of the teeth on the piecei. This motion of the handleawilltherefore be communicated through the pawls h h to the circularratchet i, and the ratchet will be revolved the distance between two ofits teeth for every forward and every backward motion of the handle a.This rotary motion of the circular ratchet i is communicated by thedrill-rod O to the drill N, which thus receives a rotation through thedistancebetween two of the teeth of the ratchet i during each motion ofthe handle a, and ceases to rotate at the end of each forward andbackward stroke of the handle a, and since the hammer Z performs onestroke between each forward and backward movement of the handle a, thedrill will be revolved the distance between two teeth of the ratchet 1'between each stroke of the hammer, and will be stationary at the timethe stroke of the hammer occurs. The spiral springs m m will serve tohold the pawls h h down upon the circular ratchet i, and these springs min, either alone or in conjunction withthe coiled spring V, which may ormay not be used, will serve to retain the drill at the bottom of thehole.while it is being revolved, and-in readiness for the next stroke oftheha'm mer. On the upper end of the barrel Into the face of. the hammerZ is in.

It, and below the ratchet-wheel i, is placed a washer, n, of leather orlike material. The

blows of the hammer striking upon the top of the drill-rod 0, will forcethe drill into the rock, and if it forces, the drill into the rock agreater distance than the distance between the lower side of thecircular-ratchet 4; and the top of the washer n the momentum of the hammer, acting thus upon the top of the barrel R,

will overcome the friction-connection between the frame S and thesupporting-bars G G and force the barrel down a distance which will bedetermined by the depth to which the drill was driven. Now, as thehammer is raised again the drill is revolved the distance between two ofthe teeth 011 the ratchet-piece i,

which moves the edge of the drill from the cut made by the previousstroke, and causes it to be lifted up onto the ridge of rock which isnext adjoining the out which has been made at the bottom of the hole. Inthis way the lower surface of the ratchet c and the upper face of thewasher n are separated the distance to which the drill is raised bybeing so revolved. The next stroke of the hammer,

however, forces the drill again downward,

and in case the drill descends farther than it d-idon the neXt precedingstroke the lower portion of the ratchet i will again come in contactwith the washer n, and the inertia of the hammer, being communicated tothe barrel R, will again force the barrel forward a distance tocorrespond with the travel of the drill. In this way each stroke of thehammer feeds the drill-supporting mechanism forward a distancecorresponding with the travel of the drill, so that their relativeposition is always the same, and their downward movement is regulated bythe velocity with which the b0 ring proceeds. At the same time the drillis never lifted off of the bottom of the bore-hole; but the only liftingof the drill is produced by the form of the bottom of the bore-holeacting as a cam on the cutting-edge of the drill, which is beveledon itssides. In case the friction-eonnection between the frame S and bars G Gis too weak, so that the travel of the barrel R is too fast, thefriction may be increased by turning the thumb-nut T; or the frictionmay be decreased by turning the thumb-nutin the opposite direction. Incase it is desired at any time to remove the drill from the bore-hole,or to detach the drill, the friction-connection between the frame S andbars G G may be loosened, and the frame S, carrying the barrel R and thehammersupporting mechanism, may be raised up on the supporting-bars G G,so as to lift the drill out of the hole. It will be noticed that in themachine above described there is no mechanism provided "for lifting thedrill from the bottom of the borehole between the strokes of the hammer,as has been the case in machines heretofore produced. Ve have discoveredthatby having the edges of the drill beveled the simple revolution ofthe drill,without mechanism for rais-.

ing it, the drill, being free to rise, will raise it and cause thecutting-edges to closely follow the rock at the bottom of the bore-hole,so that the cuttings are never allowed to come between the euttingedgesof the drill and the rock. This continuity of contact between thecutting-edge and the rock is insured by pro viding ayielding pressure onthe drill-holder, as by the spring V. By thus excluding the cuttingsfrom between the cutting-edge of the drill and the rock the power issaved which was formerly required to force the drill through thecuttings when the drill was raised by mechanism provided for thepurpose. This feature of dispensing with mechanism for raising the drillis also of especial utility when drills are used with spirals formed ontheir sides for feeding the cuttings out of the borehole, because thesespirals heretofore always created much friction by the raising anddropping of the drill, and did not perform the discharging operation aswell as though the drill was operated as shown in the presentapplication. The drill attached to the machine in the drawings isprovided with a spiral rib on its sides; but in Fig. 8 is shown a drillwhich we prefer to use with the machine. This drill is more particularlydescribed in an application of said Parsons filed September, 1881. Itconsists of a cutting-head, 1, which is provided with cutting-edgesbeveled on each side. The outside of the cutting-head is grooved betweenthe euttingedges, so as to admit of the upward passage of the cuttings,and for the same purpose a passage is formed in the center of thecutting-head, from its bottonr to near its top, where the passageintersects with a cross-pas sage, 2, having an opening on each side ofthe cutting-head. This cutting-head is attached to a drill-rod, 3, whichis surrounded by a spiral rib extending from the cutting-head to nearthe top of the drill rod. This spiral rib is preferably formed' by awire wound around the drill rod and held in place by a slight groove inthe surface of the drillrod.

As shown in the drawings, the guidingrods G G are attached to theforward end of the frame A by having their upper ends secured in thesockets 6 6 by pins; but we also pro vide similar sockets at 7 7 on theframe, and if it is desired to drill a hole under that portion of theframe the guiding-rods may be re moved from the sockets 6 (5 andattached to the sockets 7 7, all of the parts connected with theguiding-rods being reversed, so that the bracket XV extends away fromthe saddle, instead of toward it, and the head of the hammer will bewhere the end of the handle is, as shown in Fig. 3, and vice versa.

- The form of machine shown in the drawings is especially adapted forquarrying-work5 but the general features of the device may be elnbodiedin apparatus of a form suitable for other kinds of work, as tunneling ormining, when the arrangement of supports shown in our application filedon the same day herewith would be adopted.

It is evident that as the operator is seated with his legs in a fixedposition the machine is not so liable to rock from side to side as whenit is driven by the feet of the operator. Moreover, the operator, beingseated with his feet on rests a few inches from the-ground, can, ifdisposed to do so, or if it'should be necessary, steady the machine withhis feet, which cannot be done in machines driven by footpower.

Some of the features shown in this application are not claimed, broadly,here, but will be shown and claimed in a separate application we areabout to make.

\Vhat we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. In combination with the frame A, having one end constructed to reston the ground and a socket at the other end, the standard B, having acentral stud, D, constructed to be adjusted at different heights in saidsocket, and adj ustablesupports c at each end, substantially asdescribed.

2. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of a frame forked in frontand suitably supported in the rear, with two rods, each connectcd to andsupporting a separate arm of the fork, and a bracket supported by andmoving on said rods, forming a guide for the drill, and having on itsextended arm the hammer and hammer-operating mechanism, both on the sameside of the drill, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in a rock-drill, of a frame forked in front andsuitably supported in the rear, each branch of the fork resting on aseparate rod, with a bracket supported by and moving on said rods, oneend of which forms a guide for the drill and the other a support for thehammer, and having mechanism for operating the hammer arrangedintermediate of the drill and hammer-supports, substantially asdescribed.

4. The rock-drill frame A, having a suitable support at the rear, auditsfront end forked to allow of the movement through it of the operatingmechanism, and provided with two sets of sockets, 6 6 and 7 7, for theguide-rods, in combination with the guide-rods G, whereby the positionof the drilling mechanism maybe reversed, substantially as described.

5. In a rock-drilling machine, the combination, with the lever andintermediate device for driving the drill longitudinally, of a pawl orpawls for revolving the drill, movinginde-.

pendently of the hammer and pivoted to said lever, whereby the motion ofthe lever operating the hammer also turns the drill, substantially asdescribed.

' 6. The combination, in adrilling-machine, of a drill, an oscillatinglever, adouble-actinglifting device moving with said lever, intermediateconnections, substantially as described, between the lifting device andthe drill, and

IIO

pawls connected to the lever, whereby a blow is given to the drill andit is turned bya pawl as the lever vibrates in one direction, andanother blow is given to the drill and it is turned again by anotherpawl as the lever vibrates in the opposite direction, as set forth.

7. The combination of a drill having a spiral rib for removing thedrillings, mechanism, substantially as described,- for giving the drillan intermittent rotary motion without lifting it, a spring to keep thedrill in contact with the bottom of the drill-hole, and a hammer fordriving the drill lengthwise, substantially as described. V

8. The combination, with the mechanism for revolving the drill, of adrill-rod free to reciprocate in its bearings, so that it may be liftedby the inequalitiesat the bottom of the bore-hole as the drill revolves,without being actuated by any lifting mechanism, and a spring forproducing a yielding pressure on the drill, so as to retain itscutting-edge in contact with the rock.

9. The combination, in a drilling-machine, of the ratchet-wheel I formoving the drill, the pawls h and h, operating said ratchet-wheel, andmechanism, substantially as described, for giving motion to said pawls,whereby the drill is moved twice to each complete movement of thehand-lever, as set forth.

10. The combination, in a rock-drill, of areciprocating hammer and abracket constructed and arranged to be fed toward the work by thedownward movement of the drill, one end of said bracket forming a guidefor the drill and the other a support for the hammer, with a framesuitably supported at the rear, and having its forward end forked toreceive the guide-rods, on which the bracket travels, and to admit ofthe hammer working through it, substantially as described.

11. The combination of the lever Z), vibrating cam-pieces 6c, the pawlshh, connected to the cam-pieces, and the ratchet i, substantially asdescribed.

12. The combination of the guiding-bars G, the vertically-adjustablestud D, the frame A, having one end forked, and provided with sockets toreceive the guide-bars G, and having at its other end a socket for thestud D, the standard B, connected to stud D, and the standard H,attached to the guide-rods, both standards being provided withadjustable supports, substantially as described.

13. The combination, in a rock-drill, of a bracket, one end of which hastwo parallel apertures to receive the guiding and supporting bars, andan aperture to receive and guide the drill, a frame having one endforked to receive and rest on the guiding-bars, a hammer working throughsaid forked end to strike the drill, and means for operating the hammer,all substantially as described.

14. The combination, in arock-drill frame, of the supporting-bars G Gand adjustable bars I I with the standard H, provided with thefoot-rests K K, and sockets for the guidebars G G, and adjusting-bar's II, and fastening devices for securing the bars in the desired position,substantially as described.

HENRY F. PARSONS. HUGO BORCHARDT.

Witnesses:

W. F. HAPGOOD, PHILIP J. OREILLY.

